Kubernetes The Hard Way
About This Course
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Module 1: Introduction to Kubernetes Architecture
This module provides a high-level overview of Kubernetes and its architecture. You will learn about the control plane and worker nodes, and the components that make up each. By the end of this module, you will have a solid understanding of the overall structure of a Kubernetes cluster.
This module provides a high-level overview of Kubernetes and its architecture. You will learn about the control plane and worker nodes, and the components that make up each. By the end of this module, you will have a solid understanding of the overall structure of a Kubernetes cluster.
Kubernetes is an open-source container orchestration platform that automates the deployment, scaling, and management of containerized applications. At its core, Kubernetes is a distributed system composed of a control plane and a set of worker nodes. The control plane is responsible for maintaining the desired state of the cluster, while the worker nodes are responsible for running the containerized applications. This architecture allows for a highly available and scalable system that can manage complex applications with ease. Understanding the components of the control plane and worker nodes is the first step to mastering Kubernetes.
Module 2: Why Learn “The Hard Way”?
In this module, we will discuss the benefits of learning Kubernetes the hard way. You will learn how manually bootstrapping a cluster can provide you with a deep understanding of the underlying components and how they interact. This knowledge is invaluable for troubleshooting and managing a production Kubernetes cluster.
In this module, we will discuss the benefits of learning Kubernetes the hard way. You will learn how manually bootstrapping a cluster can provide you with a deep understanding of the underlying components and how they interact. This knowledge is invaluable for troubleshooting and managing a production Kubernetes cluster.
While there are many automated tools available to set up a Kubernetes cluster, learning to do it “the hard way” provides a deep understanding of the underlying components and how they interact. This knowledge is invaluable for troubleshooting and managing a production Kubernetes cluster. By manually bootstrapping a cluster, you will gain a granular understanding of each component’s role and configuration, which is often abstracted away by automated tools. This foundational knowledge will empower you to diagnose and resolve complex issues that may arise in a production environment.
Module 3: Prerequisites and Environment Setup
This module will guide you through the process of setting up your environment for this course. You will learn how to provision the compute resources and configure the network. By the end of this module, you will have a working environment that is ready for bootstrapping a Kubernetes cluster.
This module will guide you through the process of setting up your environment for this course. You will learn how to provision the compute resources and configure the network. By the end of this module, you will have a working environment that is ready for bootstrapping a Kubernetes cluster.
Before we begin, you will need four virtual or physical machines with a modern Linux distribution. These machines will serve as our control plane and worker nodes. You will also need to have `ssh` access to each machine.
Module 4: Core Kubernetes Components Deep Dive
In this module, we will take a deep dive into the core components of a Kubernetes cluster. You will learn about the API server, etcd, scheduler, controller manager, kubelet, and kube-proxy. By the end of this module, you will have a solid understanding of the role of each component and how they work together.
In this module, we will take a deep dive into the core components of a Kubernetes cluster. You will learn about the API server, etcd, scheduler, controller manager, kubelet, and kube-proxy. By the end of this module, you will have a solid understanding of the role of each component and how they work together.
In this section, we will take a closer look at the core components of a Kubernetes cluster, including the API server, etcd, scheduler, controller manager, kubelet, and kube-proxy. We will explore the role of each component and how they work together to create a robust and resilient system. Understanding these components is crucial for effective cluster administration and troubleshooting.
The Control Plane
The control plane is the brain of the Kubernetes cluster. It is responsible for maintaining the desired state of the cluster and managing the worker nodes. The control plane consists of the following components:
- API Server: The API server is the front-end for the Kubernetes control plane. It exposes the Kubernetes API, which is used by all other components to communicate with the cluster.
- etcd: etcd is a distributed key-value store that is used to store all cluster data. This includes the desired state of the cluster, as well as the current state of all objects in the cluster.
- Scheduler: The scheduler is responsible for scheduling pods to worker nodes. It takes into account a variety of factors, such as resource availability and user-defined constraints, to make scheduling decisions.
- Controller Manager: The controller manager is responsible for running a number of controllers that are responsible for maintaining the desired state of the cluster. These controllers include the node controller, replication controller, and endpoint controller.
Worker Nodes
The worker nodes are the machines that run the containerized applications. Each worker node runs the following components:
- Kubelet: The kubelet is the primary node agent. It is responsible for communicating with the API server and ensuring that the containers described in PodSpecs are running and healthy.
- Kube-proxy: The kube-proxy is responsible for maintaining network rules on nodes. These network rules allow for network communication to your Pods from network sessions inside or outside of your cluster.
- Container Runtime: The container runtime is the software that is responsible for running containers. Kubernetes supports several container runtimes, including Docker, containerd, and CRI-O.
Module 5: Step-by-Step Cluster Bootstrapping
This module will guide you through the process of bootstrapping a Kubernetes cluster from scratch. You will learn how to provision the CA and generate TLS certificates, bootstrap the etcd cluster, and bootstrap the Kubernetes control plane and worker nodes. By the end of this module, you will have a fully functional Kubernetes cluster.
This module will guide you through the process of bootstrapping a Kubernetes cluster from scratch. You will learn how to provision the CA and generate TLS certificates, bootstrap the etcd cluster, and bootstrap the Kubernetes control plane and worker nodes. By the end of this module, you will have a fully functional Kubernetes cluster.
This section will guide you through the process of bootstrapping a Kubernetes cluster from scratch. We will cover everything from provisioning the CA and generating TLS certificates to bootstrapping the etcd cluster and the Kubernetes control plane and worker nodes. Each step will be explained in detail, providing you with the knowledge to build your own cluster from the ground up.
Provisioning Compute Resources
The first step in bootstrapping a Kubernetes cluster is to provision the compute resources. This includes creating the virtual or physical machines that will serve as our control plane and worker nodes. We will also need to configure the network to allow for communication between the machines.
Provisioning the CA and Generating TLS Certificates
Next, we will provision a certificate authority (CA) and generate TLS certificates for all Kubernetes components. These certificates will be used to secure communication between the components and to authenticate clients to the API server.
Generating Kubernetes Configuration Files for Authentication
Once we have generated the TLS certificates, we will create Kubernetes configuration files for authentication. These files will be used by the various components to authenticate to the API server.
Generating the Data Encryption Config and Key
We will then generate a data encryption config and key. This will be used to encrypt all data at rest in etcd.
Bootstrapping the etcd Cluster
With the data encryption config and key in place, we can now bootstrap the etcd cluster. This will involve starting the etcd service on each of the control plane nodes and configuring them to form a cluster.
Bootstrapping the Kubernetes Control Plane
Next, we will bootstrap the Kubernetes control plane. This will involve starting the API server, scheduler, and controller manager on each of the control plane nodes.
Bootstrapping the Kubernetes Worker Nodes
Finally, we will bootstrap the Kubernetes worker nodes. This will involve starting the kubelet and kube-proxy on each of the worker nodes and joining them to the cluster.
Module 6: Security and Certificate Management
In this module, we will take a deep dive into the security aspects of Kubernetes. You will learn how to provision a CA and generate TLS certificates, configure RBAC, and create network policies. By the end of this module, you a solid understanding of how to secure your cluster and the applications running on it.
In this module, we will take a deep dive into the security aspects of Kubernetes. You will learn how to provision a CA and generate TLS certificates, configure RBAC, and create network policies. By the end of this module, you will have a solid understanding of how to secure your cluster and the applications running on it.
A deep dive into the security aspects of Kubernetes, including how to provision a CA and generate TLS certificates for all Kubernetes components. We will also discuss best practices for securing your cluster and the applications running on it.
Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
RBAC is a method of regulating access to computer or network resources based on the roles of individual users within an enterprise. In Kubernetes, RBAC is used to control who can access the Kubernetes API and what permissions they have. We will cover how to create roles and role bindings to control access to your cluster.
Network Policies
Network policies are a Kubernetes resource that control the traffic between pods. They are a powerful tool for securing your cluster and isolating your applications from each other. We will cover how to create network policies to control the traffic in your cluster.
Secrets Management
Secrets are a Kubernetes resource that are used to store sensitive information, such as passwords, OAuth tokens, and ssh keys. We will cover how to create and manage secrets in your cluster.
Module 7: Networking in Kubernetes
In this module, we will explore the Kubernetes networking model. You will learn about pod-to-pod communication, services, and ingress. By the end of this module, you will have a solid understanding of how networking works in Kubernetes and how to expose your applications to the outside world.
In this module, we will explore the Kubernetes networking model. You will learn about pod-to-pod communication, services, and ingress. By the end of this module, you will have a solid understanding of how networking works in Kubernetes and how to expose your applications to the outside world.
An exploration of the Kubernetes networking model, including how to provision pod network routes and configure CNI plugins. We will cover the different networking options available and how to choose the right one for your needs.
Pod-to-Pod Communication
In Kubernetes, every pod has its own unique IP address. This allows for direct communication between pods, without the need for NAT or other workarounds. We will cover how pod-to-pod communication works and how to troubleshoot common issues.
Services
Services are a Kubernetes resource that provide a stable endpoint for a set of pods. They are a powerful tool for exposing your applications to the outside world and for load balancing traffic between pods. We will cover how to create and manage services in your cluster.
Ingress
Ingress is a Kubernetes resource that provides a way to expose your services to the outside world. It is a powerful tool for managing external access to your applications and for routing traffic to the correct service. We will cover how to create and manage ingress resources in your cluster.
Module 8: Testing and Validation
In this module, you will learn how to test and validate your cluster. You will learn how to perform smoke tests, troubleshoot common issues, and monitor your cluster. By the end of this module, you will have the skills to ensure that your cluster is functioning correctly and to resolve any issues that may arise.
In this module, you will learn how to test and validate your cluster. You will learn how to perform smoke tests, troubleshoot common issues, and monitor your cluster. By the end of this module, you will have the skills to ensure that your cluster is functioning correctly and to resolve any issues that may arise.
Learn how to perform smoke tests to ensure your cluster is functioning correctly and how to troubleshoot common issues. We will also cover how to monitor your cluster and set up alerts to notify you of any problems.
Smoke Tests
Smoke tests are a set of simple tests that are used to verify that a system is working correctly. In Kubernetes, smoke tests are used to verify that the cluster is functioning correctly and that all components are able to communicate with each other. We will cover how to perform smoke tests on your cluster.
Troubleshooting
Troubleshooting is the process of identifying and resolving issues in a system. In Kubernetes, troubleshooting can be a complex task, as there are many components that can fail. We will cover how to troubleshoot common issues in your cluster.
Monitoring and Alerting
Monitoring and alerting are essential for maintaining a healthy cluster. We will cover how to monitor your cluster and set up alerts to notify you of any problems. We will also cover how to use tools like Prometheus and Grafana to monitor your cluster.
Module 9: Transitioning to Production
In this module, we will discuss the steps needed to transition to a production-ready cluster. You will learn about high availability, monitoring, and logging. By the end of this module, you will have a solid understanding of how to manage a production Kubernetes cluster.
In this module, we will discuss the steps needed to transition to a production-ready cluster. You will learn about high availability, monitoring, and logging. By the end of this module, you will have a solid understanding of how to manage a production Kubernetes cluster.
While this tutorial is for learning, we will discuss the steps needed to transition to a production-ready cluster, including high availability, monitoring, and logging. We will also cover how to manage your cluster and keep it up to date with the latest security patches and features.
High Availability
High availability is the ability of a system to remain operational even if some of its components fail. In Kubernetes, high availability is achieved by running multiple replicas of the control plane and worker nodes. We will cover how to set up a highly available cluster.
Monitoring and Logging
Monitoring and logging are essential for maintaining a healthy cluster. We will cover how to monitor your cluster and set up alerts to notify you of any problems. We will also cover how to use tools like Prometheus and Grafana to monitor your cluster.
Cluster Management
Cluster management is the process of managing a Kubernetes cluster. This includes tasks such as upgrading the cluster, scaling the cluster, and managing users and permissions. We will cover how to manage your cluster and keep it up to date with the latest security patches and features.
Module 10: Conclusion and Next Steps
In this final module, we will review what you have learned and discuss the next steps in your Kubernetes journey. You will be provided with a list of resources to help you continue your learning and prepare for the CKA and CKAD exams.
In this final module, we will review what you have learned and discuss the next steps in your Kubernetes journey. You will be provided with a list of resources to help you continue your learning and prepare for the CKA and CKAD exams.
Congratulations! You have successfully bootstrapped a Kubernetes cluster the hard way. You now have a solid understanding of the core components of Kubernetes and how they work together. From here, you can explore more advanced topics such as networking, storage, and security.
Further Learning
To continue your Kubernetes journey, we recommend the following resources:
- Kubernetes Documentation
- Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA)
- Certified Kubernetes Application Developer (CKAD)
